Debian Linux Install GNU GCC Compiler and Development Environment

How do I install GNU/GCC compiler tools collection under Debian Linux system using command line options?

You need to install package called build-essential package.
This package contains an informational list of packages which are considered essential for building Debian packages including gcc compiler, make and other required tools. This package also depends on the packages on that list, to make it easy to have the build-essential packages installed.
Simply type the following command as root user:
# apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
# apt-get install build-essential
# gcc -v
# make -v
Now, you should able to compile software, create Debian packages or simply write a code using C / C++ compilers.